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"This is the first case of such a drastic decrease of the HIV reservoir (but) we have.leading to a sustained reduction of the HIV reservoirs,” Spano said.By day 120, the treatment had "resulted in the drastic decrease in the HIV reservoir.In a case described as potentially exciting by scientists who also advised caution, doctors said a 51-year old man given nivolumab - sold as Opdivo by Bristol-Myers Squibb - saw a "drastic and persistent decrease” in the reservoirs of cells where HIV normally hides away and evades standard treatments. Andrew Freedman, an infectious diseases expert at Britain’s Cardiff University, said the acrylic letters sign case was "potentially exciting”. ”It’s difficult to speculate at this stage why the second patient did not show the same response," he said in an emailed comment.LONDON: Doctors in France have found the first evidence that a drug normally used to treat lung, kidney or skin cancer may be able to eradicate HIV-infected cells in people with the AIDS virus.

At the same time, the doctors explained - the activity of his immune system increased. The case, at the Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital AP-HP in Paris, was detailed in a report in the Annals of Oncology journal, where the same doctors also gave a case study of another patient treated with Opdivo who did not show any HIV benefit.”

Opdivo, or nivolumab is a PD-1 inhibitor, designed to help the body’s own immune system fend off cancer by blocking a protein called PD-1. ”Differences in the size of the latent reservoir or genetic differences between individuals, affecting their ability to mount immune responses to HIV, might be important factors. "This could have the effect of making them visible to the immune system, which could then attack them..”Some 37 people worldwide have the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. These reservoirs of HIV-infected cells are found in the immune system in places like the brain, bone marrow and genital tract. But like others, he advised caution.

After his first injection, the man’s HIV infection load, which had been low, increased progressively up until day 45, then fell back again.If standard treatment is stopped or interrupted, the reservoirs seize the chance and the virus starts to replicate and infect more cells, rendering the patient’s immune system too weak to fight back. Scientists have for years been trying to find a way of clearing HIV reservoirs with a view to being able to eradicate the virus completely and cure AIDS. "Increasingly, researchers have been looking into the use of certain drugs that appear to re-activate the latent HIV-infected cells,” Spano said... He was diagnosed HIV-positive in 1995 and diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in May 2015."We must remain careful, especially because this is only one case,” said Jean-Philippe Spano, a professor and head of the medical oncology department at the Paris hospital.In this case, the 51-year-old man had received 31 injections of nivolumab every 14 days since December 2016.. It is one of several cancer immunotherapy drugs made by drugmakers including Merck, Roche and AstraZeneca that work in similar way. They lie hidden and dormant, and can’t be reached with standard anti-retroviral therapy HIV treatments.another case where there was no decrease

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So what we are doing apart from making these new composite materials - smart materials - we're also using them to change the properties of other materials, other existing materials like paper or cotton or different foams; from synthetic foams like polyurethane or forms of cotton. Bioplastics are made from plant material, but are more energy-intensive to produce."I believe that the starting point would be to make part of the robot, like the outer part of the robot for example, with this biodegradable material. But, in a few year's time, I find it very feasible that all the robot can be biodegradable," she said.Their insides are still made mostly from metal and plastic - materials that are hard to dispose of.

The researchers say their 'smart materials' could eventually replace conventional plastic which is made from petroleum, a fossil fuel, and contributes to climate change. So like this, in all these existing materials we are giving new properties that these materials don't have so we can open up their application range," explained Athanassia Athanassiou, who leads the Smart Materials Group at the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Genoa.While Athanassiou believes biodegradable materials are imminent for the skin-like outer layer, she believes eventually the entire robot body could decompose just as if it was flesh and blood.Robots are getting ever more life-like, but underneath their synthetic skin it's a different story."These biodegradable materials, natural materials, they are very flexible so they can be used for robotic skins. And also, in this flexible skin - robotic skin let's say - we can incorporate sensors so they have this tactile sensing that the robots need, but with biodegradable materials," Athanassiou told Reuters. And if robots are to ever be truly ubiquitous, they also need to be easily disposed of once they reach the end of their useful life-span. But they can be also very hard so they can be Illuminated sign Suppliers used for internal parts of a robot.

Their insides are still made mostly from metal and plastic - materials that are hard to dispose of.By merging separate distinct materials at the nano level the scientists are creating new and novel materials that preserve the properties of the individual components, but exhibit characteristics that would not be possible individually.Robots made from biodegradable material would certainly make them more human-like, and perhaps more easily accepted in the real-world. Athanassiou's team have developed a way to create bioplastic from food waste, and so hope to mitigate the additional energy required by using resources that would normally go to waste.

In particular, robotics could be an important application for their research, according to Athanassiou.."The main issue is it's actually difficult to see how you can achieve the properties that you want to have; say matching more the properties of the human body. So going to alternative materials would be this advantage - it will help us to make lighter robots, more efficient and, finally, also recyclable," said Tsagarakis, who is developing the Walk-Man humanoid robot to operate human tools and interact with its environment in the same way a person would."We are infusing any material with nano technology. But researchers in Italy are developing 'smart materials' that could allow robots to be built from substances that will biodegrade when they've reached the end of their life-span.Nikos Tsagarakis, lead researcher on a humanoid robot project at the IIT, said that roboticists will have to move on from metal in order to build the next generation of robot

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At a time when the situation in eastern Ladakh is heading towards normalcy after two months of standoff between the Indian and Chinese armies, 144 military veterans have written an open letter to the President, Prime Minister, the Chief of Defence Staff and the three military chiefs requesting urgent attention on several points of concern in the military.

Stating that none of the signatories belonged to any political party, the open letter read: "The loss of twenty Jawans, including the CO, Colonel Santosh Babu, on June 15/16 in the Galwan valley is deeply disturbing and raises many questions".However, in a more significant statement, the military veterans urged the Union government to focus on finding a political solution for Indias external and internal security matters.Interestingly, the open letter mentioned the Henderson Brooks-Bhagat Report, which reportedly exposed the lacuane in the political-military leadership in the run up to and during the 1962 War with China. It added that successive governments ignored the formulation of such a policy. Moreover, it also pointed out that CAPFs, that is the paramilitary, were deployed in border areas that needed to be under the Armys charge.pic. "While we accept that failures can happen in any system, in the current instance either our intelligence system was found wanting, or the intelligence which it obtained did not reach the field units in time," the letter said while urging the government to revamp the intelligence system., Naxalism, by involving all political stakeholders.

The open letter urged the Centre to stop the overdependence on the Army for maintaining internal security, clearly hinting at the Armys active role in curbing militancy in Kashmir and the North East.The military veterans urged the Centre to constitute a fact-finding body to investigate the incursions and encroachments by the PLA in Aksai Chin, Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh and along the Tibet border, adding that the report should be tabled in the Lok Sabha in a time-bound manner.

"We therefore urge that in the event of such future situations, only formal statements be issued so that the Indian public is not confused and the aggressor nation does not gain political advantage," it read.The open letter also stated that the Centre and the Indian Army should have issued a formal statement about the Galwan clash to rumours and speculations to rest."The military-bureaucratic-political system and the public can learn from the mistakes of the past.

The open letter claimed that intelligence failure could have been the biggest reason for the Galwan Valley standoff that killed 20 Indian soldiers.. There can be no sensible reason for this Report remaining secret even after 57 years," the letter read.Among of the 144 signatories of the open letter are Admiral Laxminarayan Ramdas, Lt Gen Suresh Samarth and Lt Gen Narendra Aul. The open letter, thus, demanded a rationalisation of the policy. Indirctly, they meant that Custom Back-lit crystal letter Signs Suppliers India should find a diplomatic solution to the Jammu and Kashmir and the LAC issue and resolve the insurgency in the North East and the jungles of Central India, i. The report is still classified and the open letter urged the government to release it into the public domain."Political solutions have not been sought in the past, but now need to be arrived at, because continuous deployment of the military can never be a long-term solution," they said."Having an over-arching national policy and strategy will reduce casualties among our troops, which occur due to the heightened risk of being reactive to conflict situations created by China or Pakistan," the letter read.The open letter stated that India would need a national policy and strategy on dealing with the immediate neighbourhood as well as distant nations

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